夏休み企画・英語編、今日は「書換え問題」の特集です。
公立高校の入試問題ではあまり出題されません（大阪府公立高校入試では、まず出ません）。私立高校入試には必ず出題され、配点も高い分野です。
数学や理科のように、公式化して覚えておくべきだと思います。
書換え問題の公式
－毎年よく出題される問題－
（１）～がある There are ～＝～have（has）
There are seven days in a week．
A week has seven days．
（２）雨が（雪が）降る It rains（snows）＝We have rain（snow）
It snows a lot here．
We have much snow here．
（３）とても～だから～できない so…that…can't＝too…to…
She was so young that she couldn't go to school．
She was too young to go to school．
（４）willを使うとcan → be able to，must→have to（1つの文に助動詞は1つだけ）
She can play the piano very well．
（willを加えて未来形にすると）She will be able to play the piano very well．
（５）～ほど～ではない not as…as＝比較級（～er）
Mike isn't as tall as Jane．
Jane is taller than Mike．＝Mike is shorter（smaller）than Jane．
（６）他の～よりも～だ 最上級＝比較級（～er）＋than any other ＋ 単数形
Mt．Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan．
Mt．Fuji is higher than any other mountain in Japan.
（７）まだ～ still（まだ）を含んだ文＝現在完了形（have＋過去分詞）＋since，for
He came to Japan three years ago．He is still in Japan．
He has been in Japan for three years．
（８）まったく～ない not（～n't）any＝no
There weren't any children in the park．
There were no children in the park．
（９）～してはいけない You must not（You mustn't）＝Don't
You mustn't be late tomorrow morning．
Don't be late tomorrow morning．
－最近よく出題される問題－
（１）～しなさい、そうすれば（そうしないと） 命令文,and（or）＝If
Study hard, and you will pass the examination（test）.
If you study hard，you will pass the examination.
（２）～することは～だ ～ing is easy（difficult, important, necessary, fun）＝It is…（for…）to…
Studying mathematics is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to study mathematics.
（３）～しましょう Let's＝Shall we＝How about～ing＝Why don't we～
Let's go shopping，shall we？
How about going shopping？
Why don't we go shopping？
（４）～が好きだ like（to…）＝be fond of（～ing）
Ken likes to listen to the radio．
Ken is fond of listening to the radio.
（５）～が得意だ can…well＝be good at（～ing）
He can speak English well.
He is good at speaking English.
（６）今までこんな…～したことがない I have never 過去分詞 such a…＝最上級…that I have ever 過去分詞
I have never eaten such a big apple.
This is the biggest apple that I have ever eaten.
（７）受動態を使った書き換え
What language do they speak in New Zealand？
What language is spoken in New Zealand？
（８）どう～するべきか 疑問詞（how，what，where…）…should＝how to, what to, Where to…
Do you know how you should ski?
Do you know how to ski?
（９）とても…だから～だ so…that～＝～enough to…
He was so rich that he could buy a car.
He was rich enough to buy a car.
（１０）～だけれども ～，but…＝Though～，…
He is rich, but he isn't happy.
Though he is rich, he isn't happy.
（１１）～する必要はない（～しなくてもよい）don't have to＝need not＝It isn't necessary
You don't have to clean this room.
You need not clean this room.
It isn't necessary for you to clean this room.
（１２）分詞＝関係代名詞＋be動詞＋分詞
Do you know the boy running in the park?
Do you know the boy who is running in the park?
（１３）～に興味がある be interested in＝be interesting to
I am interested in music.
Music is interesting to me.
教科書には出てこないが知っておいたほうがよい書換え２つ
（１）関係代名詞を使った書き換え
Do you know the girl who has long hair？
Do you know the girl whose hair is long？
＝前置詞withを使って Do you know the girl with long hair？
（２）感嘆文 How 副詞＋主語＋一般動詞！＝What a 形容詞 名詞＋主語＋be動詞!
How well she can sing！（彼女はなんと上手に歌えるのでしょう！）
What a good singer she is！（彼女はなんと上手な歌い手なのでしょう！）
英語の全目次はこちら
英語 分野別学習目次
公立高校の入試問題ではあまり出題されません（大阪府公立高校入試では、まず出ません）。私立高校入試には必ず出題され、配点も高い分野です。
数学や理科のように、公式化して覚えておくべきだと思います。
書換え問題の公式
－毎年よく出題される問題－
（１）～がある There are ～＝～have（has）
There are seven days in a week．
A week has seven days．
（２）雨が（雪が）降る It rains（snows）＝We have rain（snow）
It snows a lot here．
We have much snow here．
（３）とても～だから～できない so…that…can't＝too…to…
She was so young that she couldn't go to school．
She was too young to go to school．
（４）willを使うとcan → be able to，must→have to（1つの文に助動詞は1つだけ）
She can play the piano very well．
（willを加えて未来形にすると）She will be able to play the piano very well．
（５）～ほど～ではない not as…as＝比較級（～er）
Mike isn't as tall as Jane．
Jane is taller than Mike．＝Mike is shorter（smaller）than Jane．
（６）他の～よりも～だ 最上級＝比較級（～er）＋than any other ＋ 単数形
Mt．Fuji is the highest mountain in Japan．
Mt．Fuji is higher than any other mountain in Japan.
（７）まだ～ still（まだ）を含んだ文＝現在完了形（have＋過去分詞）＋since，for
He came to Japan three years ago．He is still in Japan．
He has been in Japan for three years．
（８）まったく～ない not（～n't）any＝no
There weren't any children in the park．
There were no children in the park．
（９）～してはいけない You must not（You mustn't）＝Don't
You mustn't be late tomorrow morning．
Don't be late tomorrow morning．
－最近よく出題される問題－
（１）～しなさい、そうすれば（そうしないと） 命令文,and（or）＝If
Study hard, and you will pass the examination（test）.
If you study hard，you will pass the examination.
（２）～することは～だ ～ing is easy（difficult, important, necessary, fun）＝It is…（for…）to…
Studying mathematics is difficult for me.
It is difficult for me to study mathematics.
（３）～しましょう Let's＝Shall we＝How about～ing＝Why don't we～
Let's go shopping，shall we？
How about going shopping？
Why don't we go shopping？
（４）～が好きだ like（to…）＝be fond of（～ing）
Ken likes to listen to the radio．
Ken is fond of listening to the radio.
（５）～が得意だ can…well＝be good at（～ing）
He can speak English well.
He is good at speaking English.
（６）今までこんな…～したことがない I have never 過去分詞 such a…＝最上級…that I have ever 過去分詞
I have never eaten such a big apple.
This is the biggest apple that I have ever eaten.
（７）受動態を使った書き換え
What language do they speak in New Zealand？
What language is spoken in New Zealand？
（８）どう～するべきか 疑問詞（how，what，where…）…should＝how to, what to, Where to…
Do you know how you should ski?
Do you know how to ski?
（９）とても…だから～だ so…that～＝～enough to…
He was so rich that he could buy a car.
He was rich enough to buy a car.
（１０）～だけれども ～，but…＝Though～，…
He is rich, but he isn't happy.
Though he is rich, he isn't happy.
（１１）～する必要はない（～しなくてもよい）don't have to＝need not＝It isn't necessary
You don't have to clean this room.
You need not clean this room.
It isn't necessary for you to clean this room.
（１２）分詞＝関係代名詞＋be動詞＋分詞
Do you know the boy running in the park?
Do you know the boy who is running in the park?
（１３）～に興味がある be interested in＝be interesting to
I am interested in music.
Music is interesting to me.
教科書には出てこないが知っておいたほうがよい書換え２つ
（１）関係代名詞を使った書き換え
Do you know the girl who has long hair？
Do you know the girl whose hair is long？
＝前置詞withを使って Do you know the girl with long hair？
（２）感嘆文 How 副詞＋主語＋一般動詞！＝What a 形容詞 名詞＋主語＋be動詞!
How well she can sing！（彼女はなんと上手に歌えるのでしょう！）
What a good singer she is！（彼女はなんと上手な歌い手なのでしょう！）
英語の全目次はこちら
英語 分野別学習目次
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